To jest stara wersja strony!
Zainstalować ipsec-tools oraz strongswan
Polecenia do instalacji ipsec:
wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/234435245/ipsec-tools_0.8.2+20140711-5_amd64.deb sudo apt install ./ipsec-tools_0.8.2+20140711-5_amd64.deb
Polecenie do instalacji strongswan:
sudo apt install strongswan
#!/usr/sbin/setkey -f ## konfiguracja dla maszyny A ## flush SAD and SPD flush; spdflush; ## add SAs in SAD add 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 esp 0x1000 -E aes-cbc 0xaa223344556677889900aabbccddeeff; add 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 esp 0x2000 -E aes-cbc 0xbb223344556677889900aabbccddeeff; ## add SPs in SPD spdadd 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 any -P out ipsec esp/transport//require; spdadd 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 any -P in ipsec esp/transport//require;
#!/usr/sbin/setkey -f ## konfiguracja dla maszyny B ## flush SAD i SPD flush; spdflush; ## add SAs in SAD add 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 esp 0x1000 -E aes-cbc 0xaa223344556677889900aabbccddeeff; add 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 esp 0x2000 -E aes-cbc 0xbb223344556677889900aabbccddeeff; ## add SPs in SPD spdadd 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 any -P in ipsec esp/transport//require; spdadd 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 any -P out ipsec esp/transport//require;
Na maszynie a:
administrator@ipsec-A:~$ sudo setkey -f setkey.conf_a_ administrator@ipsec-A:~$ sudo setkey -D 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 esp mode=transport spi=8192(0x00002000) reqid=0(0x00000000) E: aes-cbc bb223344 55667788 9900aabb ccddeeff seq=0x00000000 replay=0 flags=0x00000000 state=mature created: Jun 14 19:29:57 2025 current: Jun 14 19:30:01 2025 diff: 4(s) hard: 0(s) soft: 0(s) last: hard: 0(s) soft: 0(s) current: 0(bytes) hard: 0(bytes) soft: 0(bytes) allocated: 0 hard: 0 soft: 0 sadb_seq=1 pid=13464 refcnt=0 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 esp mode=transport spi=4096(0x00001000) reqid=0(0x00000000) E: aes-cbc aa223344 55667788 9900aabb ccddeeff seq=0x00000000 replay=0 flags=0x00000000 state=mature created: Jun 14 19:29:57 2025 current: Jun 14 19:30:01 2025 diff: 4(s) hard: 0(s) soft: 0(s) last: hard: 0(s) soft: 0(s) current: 0(bytes) hard: 0(bytes) soft: 0(bytes) allocated: 0 hard: 0 soft: 0 sadb_seq=0 pid=13464 refcnt=0 administrator@ipsec-A:~$ sudo setkey -DP 172.20.252.198[any] 172.20.253.237[any] 255 fwd prio def ipsec esp/transport//require created: Jun 14 19:29:57 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=82 seq=1 pid=13511 refcnt=1 172.20.252.198[any] 172.20.253.237[any] 255 in prio def ipsec esp/transport//require created: Jun 14 19:29:57 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=72 seq=2 pid=13511 refcnt=1 172.20.253.237[any] 172.20.252.198[any] 255 out prio def ipsec esp/transport//require created: Jun 14 19:29:57 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=65 seq=3 pid=13511 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) in(socket) none created: Jun 14 19:18:30 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=59 seq=4 pid=13511 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) out(socket) none created: Jun 14 19:18:30 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=52 seq=5 pid=13511 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) in(socket) none created: Jun 14 19:18:30 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=43 seq=6 pid=13511 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) out(socket) none created: Jun 14 19:18:30 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=36 seq=7 pid=13511 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) in(socket) none created: Jun 14 19:18:30 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=27 seq=8 pid=13511 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) out(socket) none created: Jun 14 19:18:30 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=20 seq=9 pid=13511 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) in(socket) none created: Jun 14 19:18:30 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=11 seq=10 pid=13511 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) out(socket) none created: Jun 14 19:18:30 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=4 seq=0 pid=13511 refcnt=1 administrator@ipsec-A:~$
Na maszynie b:
administrator@ipsec-B:~$ sudo setkey -f setkey.conf_b_ administrator@ipsec-B:~$ sudo setkey -D 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 esp mode=transport spi=8192(0x00002000) reqid=0(0x00000000) E: aes-cbc bb223344 55667788 9900aabb ccddeeff seq=0x00000000 replay=0 flags=0x00000000 state=mature created: Jun 14 19:31:00 2025 current: Jun 14 19:31:15 2025 diff: 15(s) hard: 0(s) soft: 0(s) last: hard: 0(s) soft: 0(s) current: 0(bytes) hard: 0(bytes) soft: 0(bytes) allocated: 0 hard: 0 soft: 0 sadb_seq=1 pid=32009 refcnt=0 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 esp mode=transport spi=4096(0x00001000) reqid=0(0x00000000) E: aes-cbc aa223344 55667788 9900aabb ccddeeff seq=0x00000000 replay=0 flags=0x00000000 state=mature created: Jun 14 19:31:00 2025 current: Jun 14 19:31:15 2025 diff: 15(s) hard: 0(s) soft: 0(s) last: hard: 0(s) soft: 0(s) current: 0(bytes) hard: 0(bytes) soft: 0(bytes) allocated: 0 hard: 0 soft: 0 sadb_seq=0 pid=32009 refcnt=0 administrator@ipsec-B:~$ sudo setkey -DP 172.20.252.198[any] 172.20.253.237[any] 255 out prio def ipsec esp/transport//require created: Jun 14 19:31:00 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=17 seq=1 pid=32078 refcnt=1 172.20.253.237[any] 172.20.252.198[any] 255 fwd prio def ipsec esp/transport//require created: Jun 14 19:31:00 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=10 seq=2 pid=32078 refcnt=1 172.20.253.237[any] 172.20.252.198[any] 255 in prio def ipsec esp/transport//require created: Jun 14 19:31:00 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=8 seq=0 pid=32078 refcnt=1 administrator@ipsec-B:~$
Ruch IP pomiędzy maszynami A (172.20.253.237) i B (172.20.252.198) – każdy protokół (any) zdefiniowany w SPD.
spdadd … -P out
spdadd … -P in
SA są jednokierunkowe – jedna dla A → B, druga dla B → A, aby zabezpieczyć dwukierunkowy kanał.
-D
– pokazuje aktywne asocjacje bezpieczeństwa (SA)-DP
– pokazuje aktywne polityki bezpieczeństwa (SPD)SPI (Security Parameter Index) to unikalny identyfikator asocjacji bezpieczeństwa (SA), który pozwala odbiorcy zidentyfikować, jakich parametrów użyć do odszyfrowania i uwierzytelnienia pakietu.
Sequence Number służy do zapobiegania atakom typu replay. Numer rośnie monotonicznie dla każdego pakietu, co pozwala sprawdzić, czy pakiety nie zostały powtórzone.
#!/usr/sbin/setkey -f ## maszyna A (172.20.253.237) flush; spdflush; ## SA: A->B add 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 esp 0x1000 -E aes-cbc 0xaa223344556677889900aabbccddeeff -A hmac-sha1 0x00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff00112233; ## SA: B->A add 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 esp 0x2000 -E aes-cbc 0xbb223344556677889900aabbccddeeff -A hmac-sha1 0x11223344556677889900aabbccddeeff00112233; ## SPD: zabezpiecz wszystkie pakiety ESP w trybie transportowym spdadd 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 any -P out ipsec esp/transport//require; spdadd 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 any -P in ipsec esp/transport//require;
#!/usr/sbin/setkey -f ## maszyna B (172.20.252.198) flush; spdflush; ## SA: B->A add 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 esp 0x2000 -E aes-cbc 0xbb223344556677889900aabbccddeeff -A hmac-sha1 0x00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff00112233; ## SA: A->B add 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 esp 0x1000 -E aes-cbc 0xaa223344556677889900aabbccddeeff -A hmac-sha1 0x00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff00112233; ## SPD: zabezpiecz wszystkie pakiety ESP w trybie transportowym spdadd 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 any -P out ipsec esp/transport//require; spdadd 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 any -P in ipsec esp/transport//require;
#!/usr/sbin/setkey -f ## maszyna A (172.20.253.237) flush; spdflush; ## SA: A->B add 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 ah 0x1000 -A hmac-sha1 0x00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff00112233; ## SA: B->A add 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 ah 0x2000 -A hmac-sha1 0x11223344556677889900aabbccddeeff00112233; ## SPD: zabezpiecz wszystkie pakiety AH w trybie transportowym spdadd 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 any -P out ipsec ah/transport//require; spdadd 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 any -P in ipsec ah/transport//require;
#!/usr/sbin/setkey -f ## maszyna B (172.20.252.198) flush; spdflush; ## SA: B->A add 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 ah 0x2000 -A hmac-sha1 0x11223344556677889900aabbccddeeff00112233; ## SA: A->B add 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 ah 0x1000 -A hmac-sha1 0x00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff00112233; ## SPD: zabezpiecz wszystkie pakiety AH w trybie transportowym spdadd 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 any -P out ipsec ah/transport//require; spdadd 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 any -P in ipsec ah/transport//require;
#!/usr/sbin/setkey -f ## maszyna A (172.20.253.237) flush; spdflush; ## SA ESP: A->B add 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 esp 0x3000 -E aes-cbc 0xaa223344556677889900aabbccddeeff; ## SA ESP: B->A add 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 esp 0x4000 -E aes-cbc 0xbb223344556677889900aabbccddeeff; ## SA AH: A->B add 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 ah 0x5000 -A hmac-sha1 0x00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff00112233; ## SA AH: B->A add 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 ah 0x6000 -A hmac-sha1 0x00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff00112233; ## SPD: zabezpiecz pakiety ESP i AH w trybie transportowym spdadd 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 any -P out ipsec esp/transport//require ah/transport//require; spdadd 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 any -P in ipsec esp/transport//require ah/transport//require;
#!/usr/sbin/setkey -f ## maszyna B (172.20.252.198) flush; spdflush; ## SA ESP: B->A add 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 esp 0x4000 -E aes-cbc 0xbb223344556677889900aabbccddeeff; ## SA ESP: A->B add 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 esp 0x3000 -E aes-cbc 0xaa223344556677889900aabbccddeeff; ## SA AH: B->A add 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 ah 0x6000 -A hmac-sha1 0x00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff00112233; ## SA AH: A->B add 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 ah 0x5000 -A hmac-sha1 0x00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff00112233; ## SPD: zabezpiecz pakiety ESP i AH w trybie transportowym spdadd 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 any -P out ipsec esp/transport//require ah/transport//require; spdadd 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 any -P in ipsec esp/transport//require ah/transport//require;
Przy połączeniach, gdzie ważna jest integralność całego nagłówka IP (np. dla systemów audytu lub gdzie niemożliwe jest użycie szyfrowania).
Na mszynie A i B:
sudo setkey -F # usuń wszystkie SA sudo setkey -FP # usuń wszystkie SP
/etc/ipsec.conf:
config setup charondebug = "ike 1, knl 1, cfg 1" conn host-host keyexchange=ikev2 authby=psk left=172.20.253.237 # lokalny endpoint leftsubnet=172.20.253.237/32 right=172.20.252.198 # zdalny endpoint rightsubnet=172.20.252.198/32 ike=aes256-sha1-modp1024 esp=aes256-sha1 auto=add
/etc/ipsec.secrets:
172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 : PSK "SuperTajnyPSK"
/etc/ipsec.conf:
config setup charondebug = "ike 1, knl 1, cfg 1" conn host-host keyexchange=ikev2 authby=psk left=172.20.252.198 leftsubnet=172.20.252.198/32 right=172.20.253.237 rightsubnet=172.20.253.237/32 ike=aes256-sha1-modp1024 esp=aes256-sha1 auto=add
/etc/ipsec.secrets:
172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 : PSK "SuperTajnyPSK"
administrator@ipsec-A:~$ sudo ipsec restart Stopping strongSwan IPsec... Starting strongSwan 5.9.5 IPsec [starter]... administrator@ipsec-A:~$ sudo ipsec up host-host initiating IKE_SA host-host[1] to 172.20.252.198 generating IKE_SA_INIT request 0 [ SA KE No N(NATD_S_IP) N(NATD_D_IP) N(FRAG_SUP) N(HASH_ALG) N(REDIR_SUP) ] sending packet: from 172.20.253.237[500] to 172.20.252.198[500] (1044 bytes) received packet: from 172.20.252.198[500] to 172.20.253.237[500] (344 bytes) parsed IKE_SA_INIT response 0 [ SA KE No N(NATD_S_IP) N(NATD_D_IP) N(FRAG_SUP) N(HASH_ALG) N(CHDLESS_SUP) N(MULT_AUTH) ] selected proposal: IKE:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/PRF_HMAC_SHA1/MODP_1024 authentication of '172.20.253.237' (myself) with pre-shared key establishing CHILD_SA host-host{1} generating IKE_AUTH request 1 [ IDi N(INIT_CONTACT) IDr AUTH SA TSi TSr N(MOBIKE_SUP) N(NO_ADD_ADDR) N(MULT_AUTH) N(EAP_ONLY) N(MSG_ID_SYN_SUP) ] sending packet: from 172.20.253.237[4500] to 172.20.252.198[4500] (412 bytes) received packet: from 172.20.252.198[4500] to 172.20.253.237[4500] (220 bytes) parsed IKE_AUTH response 1 [ IDr AUTH SA TSi TSr N(MOBIKE_SUP) N(NO_ADD_ADDR) ] authentication of '172.20.252.198' with pre-shared key successful IKE_SA host-host[1] established between 172.20.253.237[172.20.253.237]...172.20.252.198[172.20.252.198] scheduling reauthentication in 9788s maximum IKE_SA lifetime 10328s selected proposal: ESP:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/NO_EXT_SEQ CHILD_SA host-host{1} established with SPIs c4b20310_i c04d47dc_o and TS 172.20.253.237/32 === 172.20.252.198/32 peer supports MOBIKE connection 'host-host' established successfully administrator@ipsec-A:~$ sudo setkey -D 172.20.253.237 172.20.252.198 esp mode=tunnel spi=3226290140(0xc04d47dc) reqid=1(0x00000001) E: aes-cbc 7ed41201 e80a0bf4 fb871600 4cfcbfab 1e6e4fb3 c346376a 429d1575 1d58fc17 A: hmac-sha1 7a7a8e7d 7beaad8e 5f045ba1 45b42d7f bcc4de08 seq=0x00000000 replay=0 flags=0x00000000 state=mature created: Jun 14 20:37:14 2025 current: Jun 14 20:37:52 2025 diff: 38(s) hard: 3600(s) soft: 2765(s) last: Jun 14 20:37:14 2025 hard: 0(s) soft: 0(s) current: 3192(bytes) hard: 0(bytes) soft: 0(bytes) allocated: 38 hard: 0 soft: 0 sadb_seq=1 pid=28477 refcnt=0 172.20.252.198 172.20.253.237 esp mode=tunnel spi=3300000528(0xc4b20310) reqid=1(0x00000001) E: aes-cbc b834b5fd 2412b9cf 9e4ac726 29160d9e afbb91b0 7b2aafd5 07fc4c67 052b7958 A: hmac-sha1 31564ba0 bfdb79ff 872d5e0b fc3079d4 ea43a976 seq=0x00000000 replay=32 flags=0x00000000 state=mature created: Jun 14 20:37:14 2025 current: Jun 14 20:37:52 2025 diff: 38(s) hard: 3600(s) soft: 2819(s) last: Jun 14 20:37:14 2025 hard: 0(s) soft: 0(s) current: 3192(bytes) hard: 0(bytes) soft: 0(bytes) allocated: 38 hard: 0 soft: 0 sadb_seq=0 pid=28477 refcnt=0 administrator@ipsec-A:~$ sudo setkey -DP 172.20.253.237[any] 172.20.252.198[any] 255 out prio high + 1073374593 ipsec esp/tunnel/172.20.253.237-172.20.252.198/unique:1 created: Jun 14 20:37:14 2025 lastused: Jun 14 20:37:56 2025 lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=265 seq=1 pid=28510 refcnt=1 172.20.252.198[any] 172.20.253.237[any] 255 fwd prio high + 1073374593 ipsec esp/tunnel/172.20.252.198-172.20.253.237/unique:1 created: Jun 14 20:37:14 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=258 seq=2 pid=28510 refcnt=1 172.20.252.198[any] 172.20.253.237[any] 255 in prio high + 1073374593 ipsec esp/tunnel/172.20.252.198-172.20.253.237/unique:1 created: Jun 14 20:37:14 2025 lastused: Jun 14 20:37:56 2025 lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=248 seq=3 pid=28510 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) in(socket) none created: Jun 14 20:34:15 2025 lastused: Jun 14 20:37:14 2025 lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=243 seq=4 pid=28510 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) out(socket) none created: Jun 14 20:34:15 2025 lastused: Jun 14 20:37:14 2025 lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=236 seq=5 pid=28510 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) in(socket) none created: Jun 14 20:34:15 2025 lastused: Jun 14 20:37:14 2025 lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=227 seq=6 pid=28510 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) out(socket) none created: Jun 14 20:34:15 2025 lastused: Jun 14 20:37:14 2025 lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=220 seq=7 pid=28510 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) in(socket) none created: Jun 14 20:34:15 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=211 seq=8 pid=28510 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) out(socket) none created: Jun 14 20:34:15 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=204 seq=9 pid=28510 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) in(socket) none created: Jun 14 20:34:15 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=195 seq=10 pid=28510 refcnt=1 (per-socket policy) out(socket) none created: Jun 14 20:34:15 2025 lastused: lifetime: 0(s) validtime: 0(s) spid=188 seq=0 pid=28510 refcnt=1 administrator@ipsec-A:~$
W wyniku setkey -D widać dwie asocjacje ESP w bazie SAD (SPI 0xc04d47dc i 0xc4b20310) – po jednej dla każdego kierunku ruchu.
Zgodnie z logiem ipsec up host-host, wynegocjowano ESP w trybie tunelowym (ESP:AES_CBC_256/HMAC_SHA1_96/NO_EXT_SEQ).
Algorytmy: AES‑CBC 256‑bit dla szyfrowania oraz HMAC‑SHA1‑96 (96‑bitowy tag) dla uwierzytelnienia.
AES‑CBC‑256 używa klucza o długości 256 bitów.
HMAC‑SHA1‑96 wykorzystuje tag o długości 96 bitów (12 bajtów), choć sam klucz HMAC może być dłuższy (typowo 160 bitów), w logu widzimy 20 bajtów klucza, ale tag jest obcięty do 12 bajtów.
Klucz PSK został użyty w fazie 1 (IKE_SA_INIT oraz IKE_AUTH) do uwierzytelnienia endpointów.
setkey -DP pokazuje cztery wpisy:
dwa wpisy out i in dla tunelu ESP w trybie tunelowym (po jednej każda dla ruchu A→B i B→A) z reqid = 1 oraz flagą unique.
dodatkowy wpis fwd związany z przekazywaniem pakietów.
Polityki dotyczą ruchu 172.20.253.237[any] ↔ 172.20.252.198[any] i mają priorytet „high”, operację ipsec esp/tunnel/…/unique:1.